How Does Virtual DOM Work in Vue.js?

What is Virtual DOM?

Virtual DOM is a lightweight copy of real DOM that allows Vue.js to efficiently update interface without directly interacting with real DOM on every data change.

How Does It Work?

1. Vue creates virtual DOM representation (VNode) based on current data state.
2. When data changes, new virtual tree (new VNode) is created.
3. Vue compares old and new tree (diffing) and calculates minimal set of changes.
4. Only changed part of real DOM is updated (patching), not entire interface.

Virtual DOM Advantages

• Performance — only changed part of interface is updated, not entire DOM.
• Development simplicity — Vue automatically optimizes updates.
• Reactivity — data changes are instantly reflected in interface without need to manually update DOM elements.

Virtual DOM Work Example in Vue

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue';

const count = ref(0);
</script>

<template>
  <p>Counter: {{ count }}</p>
  <button @click="count++">Increment</button>
</template>

What Happens in This Code?

1. Vue creates virtual DOM based on template (template).
2. When button is clicked count increases.
3. Vue creates new virtual DOM and compares it with previous one.
4. Vue finds difference (diff) and changes only text in <p>, not entire document.

Virtual DOM makes Vue.js fast and convenient to work with. It minimizes real DOM updates, improving performance and making interfaces more responsive.